変数¶
Ansible はプレイ内で値を格納するための変数をサポートしています。変数はプレイ内、インベントリ内、コマンドラインなどで定義でき、定義する場所に基づいて優先順位が設定されています。
変数をプレイ内で使用する場合、{{と}}でくくります。
変数の使い方¶
インベントリ内で変数 stage を定義し、この変数の値によりプレイ内で管理対象ホストにコピーするファイルを変更する例で変数の使い方を学びます。
変数の定義¶
インベントリの内容です。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 | ---
all:
vars:
ansible_user: vagrant
hosts:
node1:
ansible_host: 192.168.1.161
ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/node1_key
node2:
ansible_host: 192.168.1.162
ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/node2_key
node3:
ansible_host: 192.168.1.163
ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/node3_key
stage: prod
children:
web:
vars:
stage: dev
hosts:
node2:
node3:
|
変数 satege を15 行目で管理対象ホスト node3 に、18-19 行目で web グループ全体に適用するよう定義しています。変数が管理対象ホストにどの様に影響するのかansible-inventoryコマンドでインベントリの内容を確認します。
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible-inventory -i hosts.yml --list --yaml
all:
children:
ungrouped:
hosts:
node1:
ansible_host: 192.168.1.161
ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/node1_key
ansible_user: vagrant
web:
hosts:
node2:
ansible_host: 192.168.1.162
ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/node2_key
ansible_user: vagrant
stage: dev
node3:
ansible_host: 192.168.1.163
ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/node3_key
ansible_user: vagrant
stage: prod
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
同じ変数名の変数を定義した場合、定義した場所で優先順位が決定します。
web グループ内の管理対象ホストに影響する vars の宣言より個別の管理対象ホストに定義した変数のほうが優先順位が高いため、vars の宣言内で定義した変数の値が管理対象ホストに定義した変数の値で上書きされます。
プレイの作成¶
管理対象ホストにコピーするファイルを 2 つ作成します。
prod_index.htmlファイルの内容です。
注意してください。これは製品版の Web サーバーです。<br>
dev_index.htmlファイルの内容です。
これは開発中の Web server です。<br>
変数 stage に設定した値により、管理対象ホストにコピーするファイルを変更するプレイです。9 行目の管理対象ホストにコピーするファイルを指定する部分で変数を使用しています。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 | ---
- name: Apache server installed
hosts: web
become: yes
tasks:
- name: copy index.html
copy:
src: ~/ansible-files/{{ stage }}_index.html
dest: /var/www/html/index.html
|
プレイの実行¶
作成したプレイを実行します。
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts.yml apache.yml
PLAY [Apache server installed] ******************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node3]
ok: [node2]
TASK [copy index.html] **************************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [node2]
changed: [node3]
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************************************************************
node2 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
node3 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
変数 stage の値にもとづき所定のファイルが正しくコピーされたかブラウザーで確認します。
変数 stage の値にもとづき、管理対象ホスト node2 にdev_index.htmlファイルが、 node3 にprod_index.htmlファイルが正しくコピーされました。
マジック変数¶
Ansible の定義済み変数を「マジック変数」と呼びます。定義済みなので、前段の変数 stage のような定義は不要です。主にインベントリの内容や実行環境情報を保持します。
主なマジック変数¶
- inventory_hostname
- インベントリ内の管理対象ホスト名
- group_names
- インベントリ内で管理対象ホストが属するグループの一覧
- groups
- インベントリ内の全グループと管理対象ホストの一覧
- inventory_dir
- インベントリファイルのディレクトリパス（インベントリファイル名は含まれない）
- inventory_file
- インベントリファイルのパス
- playbook_dir
- プレイブックファイルのディレクトリパス（プレイブックファイル名は含まれない）
- host_vars
- 管理対象ホストのファクト変数を集めたもの
主なマジック変数の確認¶
次の内容で主なマジック変数の値を確認します。
■ インベントリファイル
---
all:
vars:
ansible_user: vagrant
hosts:
node1:
ansible_host: 192.168.1.161
ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/node1_key
node2:
ansible_host: 192.168.1.162
ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/node2_key
node3:
ansible_host: 192.168.1.163
ansible_ssh_private_key_file: ~/.ssh/node3_key
stage: prod
children:
web:
vars:
stage: dev
hosts:
node2:
node3:
■ プレイブックファイル
- name: 主なマジック変数の確認
hosts: all
tasks:
- name: inventory_hostname の値
debug:
var: inventory_hostname
- name: group_names の値
debug:
var: group_names
- name: groups の値
debug:
var: groups
- name: inventory_dir の値
debug:
var: inventory_dir
- name: inventory_file の値
debug:
var: inventory_file
- name: playbook_dir の値
debug:
var: playbook_dir
■ 確認
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts.yml showmagcivars.yml
PLAY [主なマジック変数の確認] ******************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node3]
ok: [node1]
ok: [node2]
TASK [inventory_hostname の値] ********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1] => {
"inventory_hostname": "node1"
}
ok: [node3] => {
"inventory_hostname": "node3"
}
ok: [node2] => {
"inventory_hostname": "node2"
}
TASK [group_names の値] ***************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1] => {
"group_names": [
"ungrouped"
]
}
ok: [node3] => {
"group_names": [
"web"
]
}
ok: [node2] => {
"group_names": [
"web"
]
}
TASK [groups の値] ********************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1] => {
"groups": {
"all": [
"node1",
"node3",
"node2"
],
"ungrouped": [
"node1"
],
"web": [
"node3",
"node2"
]
}
}
ok: [node3] => {
"groups": {
"all": [
"node1",
"node3",
"node2"
],
"ungrouped": [
"node1"
],
"web": [
"node3",
"node2"
]
}
}
ok: [node2] => {
"groups": {
"all": [
"node1",
"node3",
"node2"
],
"ungrouped": [
"node1"
],
"web": [
"node3",
"node2"
]
}
}
TASK [inventory_dir の値] *************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1] => {
"inventory_dir": "/home/vagrant/ansible-files"
}
ok: [node3] => {
"inventory_dir": "/home/vagrant/ansible-files"
}
ok: [node2] => {
"inventory_dir": "/home/vagrant/ansible-files"
}
TASK [inventory_file の値] ************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1] => {
"inventory_file": "/home/vagrant/ansible-files/hosts.yml"
}
ok: [node3] => {
"inventory_file": "/home/vagrant/ansible-files/hosts.yml"
}
ok: [node2] => {
"inventory_file": "/home/vagrant/ansible-files/hosts.yml"
}
TASK [playbook_dir の値] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1] => {
"playbook_dir": "/home/vagrant/ansible-files"
}
ok: [node3] => {
"playbook_dir": "/home/vagrant/ansible-files"
}
ok: [node2] => {
"playbook_dir": "/home/vagrant/ansible-files"
}
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=7 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
node2 : ok=7 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
node3 : ok=7 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
ファクト変数¶
管理対象ホストのシステム情報が格納された変数を「ファクト変数」と呼びます。
ファクト変数の内容¶
ファクト変数はアドホックコマンドでsetupモジュールで確認できます。次の実行結果は管理対象ホスト node1 のファクト変数の内容です。
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible node1 -i hosts.yml -m setup
node1 | SUCCESS => {
"ansible_facts": {
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"10.0.2.15",
"192.168.1.161"
],
"ansible_all_ipv6_addresses": [
"fe80::5054:ff:fe8a:fee6",
"fe80::20d:58ff:fe00:161"
],
"ansible_apparmor": {
"status": "disabled"
},
"ansible_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_bios_date": "12/01/2006",
"ansible_bios_version": "VirtualBox",
"ansible_cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64",
"LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
"biosdevname": "0",
"console": "ttyS0,115200n8",
"crashkernel": "auto",
"elevator": "noop",
"net.ifnames": "0",
"no_timer_check": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=8ac075e3-1124-4bb6-bef7-a6811bf8b870"
},
"ansible_date_time": {
"date": "2020-04-26",
"day": "26",
"epoch": "1587867902",
"hour": "11",
"iso8601": "2020-04-26T02:25:02Z",
"iso8601_basic": "20200426T112502105081",
"iso8601_basic_short": "20200426T112502",
"iso8601_micro": "2020-04-26T02:25:02.105340Z",
"minute": "25",
"month": "04",
"second": "02",
"time": "11:25:02",
"tz": "JST",
"tz_offset": "+0900",
"weekday": "Sunday",
"weekday_number": "0",
"weeknumber": "16",
"year": "2020"
},
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "10.0.2.15",
"alias": "eth0",
"broadcast": "10.0.2.255",
"gateway": "10.0.2.2",
"interface": "eth0",
"macaddress": "52:54:00:8a:fe:e6",
"mtu": 1500,
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "10.0.2.0",
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_default_ipv6": {},
"ansible_device_links": {
"ids": {
"sda": [
"ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3958e045-138cceec"
],
"sda1": [
"ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3958e045-138cceec-part1"
]
},
"labels": {},
"masters": {},
"uuids": {
"sda1": [
"8ac075e3-1124-4bb6-bef7-a6811bf8b870"
]
}
},
"ansible_devices": {
"sda": {
"holders": [],
"host": "IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01)",
"links": {
"ids": [
"ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3958e045-138cceec"
],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": []
},
"model": "VBOX HARDDISK",
"partitions": {
"sda1": {
"holders": [],
"links": {
"ids": [
"ata-VBOX_HARDDISK_VB3958e045-138cceec-part1"
],
"labels": [],
"masters": [],
"uuids": [
"8ac075e3-1124-4bb6-bef7-a6811bf8b870"
]
},
"sectors": "83884032",
"sectorsize": 512,
"size": "40.00 GB",
"start": "2048",
"uuid": "8ac075e3-1124-4bb6-bef7-a6811bf8b870"
}
},
"removable": "0",
"rotational": "1",
"sas_address": null,
"sas_device_handle": null,
"scheduler_mode": "noop",
"sectors": "83886080",
"sectorsize": "512",
"size": "40.00 GB",
"support_discard": "0",
"vendor": "ATA",
"virtual": 1
}
},
"ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
"ansible_distribution_file_parsed": true,
"ansible_distribution_file_path": "/etc/redhat-release",
"ansible_distribution_file_variety": "RedHat",
"ansible_distribution_major_version": "7",
"ansible_distribution_release": "Core",
"ansible_distribution_version": "7.7",
"ansible_dns": {
"nameservers": [
"10.0.2.3"
],
"search": [
"flets-west.jp"
]
},
"ansible_domain": "",
"ansible_effective_group_id": 1000,
"ansible_effective_user_id": 1000,
"ansible_env": {
"HOME": "/home/vagrant",
"LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
"LESSOPEN": "||/usr/bin/lesspipe.sh %s",
"LOGNAME": "vagrant",
"LS_COLORS": "rs=0:di=01;34:ln=01;36:mh=00:pi=40;33:so=01;35:do=01;35:bd=40;33;01:cd=40;33;01:or=40;31;01:mi=01;05;37;41:su=37;41:sg=30;43:ca=30;41:tw=30;42:ow=34;42:st=37;44:ex=01;32:*.tar=01;31:*.tgz=01;31:*.arc=01;31:*.arj=01;31:*.taz=01;31:*.lha=01;31:*.lz4=01;31:*.lzh=01;31:*.lzma=01;31:*.tlz=01;31:*.txz=01;31:*.tzo=01;31:*.t7z=01;31:*.zip=01;31:*.z=01;31:*.Z=01;31:*.dz=01;31:*.gz=01;31:*.lrz=01;31:*.lz=01;31:*.lzo=01;31:*.xz=01;31:*.bz2=01;31:*.bz=01;31:*.tbz=01;31:*.tbz2=01;31:*.tz=01;31:*.deb=01;31:*.rpm=01;31:*.jar=01;31:*.war=01;31:*.ear=01;31:*.sar=01;31:*.rar=01;31:*.alz=01;31:*.ace=01;31:*.zoo=01;31:*.cpio=01;31:*.7z=01;31:*.rz=01;31:*.cab=01;31:*.jpg=01;35:*.jpeg=01;35:*.gif=01;35:*.bmp=01;35:*.pbm=01;35:*.pgm=01;35:*.ppm=01;35:*.tga=01;35:*.xbm=01;35:*.xpm=01;35:*.tif=01;35:*.tiff=01;35:*.png=01;35:*.svg=01;35:*.svgz=01;35:*.mng=01;35:*.pcx=01;35:*.mov=01;35:*.mpg=01;35:*.mpeg=01;35:*.m2v=01;35:*.mkv=01;35:*.webm=01;35:*.ogm=01;35:*.mp4=01;35:*.m4v=01;35:*.mp4v=01;35:*.vob=01;35:*.qt=01;35:*.nuv=01;35:*.wmv=01;35:*.asf=01;35:*.rm=01;35:*.rmvb=01;35:*.flc=01;35:*.avi=01;35:*.fli=01;35:*.flv=01;35:*.gl=01;35:*.dl=01;35:*.xcf=01;35:*.xwd=01;35:*.yuv=01;35:*.cgm=01;35:*.emf=01;35:*.axv=01;35:*.anx=01;35:*.ogv=01;35:*.ogx=01;35:*.aac=01;36:*.au=01;36:*.flac=01;36:*.mid=01;36:*.midi=01;36:*.mka=01;36:*.mp3=01;36:*.mpc=01;36:*.ogg=01;36:*.ra=01;36:*.wav=01;36:*.axa=01;36:*.oga=01;36:*.spx=01;36:*.xspf=01;36:",
"MAIL": "/var/mail/vagrant",
"PATH": "/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin",
"PWD": "/home/vagrant",
"SELINUX_LEVEL_REQUESTED": "",
"SELINUX_ROLE_REQUESTED": "",
"SELINUX_USE_CURRENT_RANGE": "",
"SHELL": "/bin/bash",
"SHLVL": "2",
"SSH_CLIENT": "192.168.1.151 50822 22",
"SSH_CONNECTION": "192.168.1.151 50822 192.168.1.161 22",
"SSH_TTY": "/dev/pts/0",
"TERM": "xterm",
"USER": "vagrant",
"XDG_RUNTIME_DIR": "/run/user/1000",
"XDG_SESSION_ID": "9",
"_": "/usr/bin/python"
},
"ansible_eth0": {
"active": true,
"device": "eth0",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "off [fixed]",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
"loopback": "off [fixed]",
"netns_local": "off [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
"rx_all": "off",
"rx_checksumming": "off",
"rx_fcs": "off",
"rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
"rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "on",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_lockless": "off [fixed]",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]",
"vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
},
"hw_timestamp_filters": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "10.0.2.15",
"broadcast": "10.0.2.255",
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "10.0.2.0"
},
"ipv6": [
{
"address": "fe80::5054:ff:fe8a:fee6",
"prefix": "64",
"scope": "link"
}
],
"macaddress": "52:54:00:8a:fe:e6",
"module": "e1000",
"mtu": 1500,
"pciid": "0000:00:03.0",
"promisc": false,
"speed": 1000,
"timestamping": [
"tx_software",
"rx_software",
"software"
],
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_eth1": {
"active": true,
"device": "eth1",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "off [fixed]",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
"loopback": "off [fixed]",
"netns_local": "off [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
"rx_all": "off",
"rx_checksumming": "off",
"rx_fcs": "off",
"rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
"rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "on [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "on",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_lockless": "off [fixed]",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "off",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_offload": "on [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "off [fixed]",
"vlan_challenged": "off [fixed]"
},
"hw_timestamp_filters": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "192.168.1.161",
"broadcast": "192.168.1.255",
"netmask": "255.255.255.0",
"network": "192.168.1.0"
},
"ipv6": [
{
"address": "fe80::20d:58ff:fe00:161",
"prefix": "64",
"scope": "link"
}
],
"macaddress": "00:0d:58:00:01:61",
"module": "e1000",
"mtu": 1500,
"pciid": "0000:00:08.0",
"promisc": false,
"speed": 1000,
"timestamping": [
"tx_software",
"rx_software",
"software"
],
"type": "ether"
},
"ansible_fibre_channel_wwn": [],
"ansible_fips": false,
"ansible_form_factor": "Other",
"ansible_fqdn": "node1",
"ansible_hostname": "node1",
"ansible_hostnqn": "",
"ansible_interfaces": [
"lo",
"eth1",
"eth0"
],
"ansible_is_chroot": true,
"ansible_iscsi_iqn": "",
"ansible_kernel": "3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64",
"ansible_kernel_version": "#1 SMP Tue Mar 17 23:49:17 UTC 2020",
"ansible_lo": {
"active": true,
"device": "lo",
"features": {
"busy_poll": "off [fixed]",
"fcoe_mtu": "off [fixed]",
"generic_receive_offload": "on",
"generic_segmentation_offload": "on",
"highdma": "on [fixed]",
"hw_tc_offload": "off [fixed]",
"l2_fwd_offload": "off [fixed]",
"large_receive_offload": "off [fixed]",
"loopback": "on [fixed]",
"netns_local": "on [fixed]",
"ntuple_filters": "off [fixed]",
"receive_hashing": "off [fixed]",
"rx_all": "off [fixed]",
"rx_checksumming": "on [fixed]",
"rx_fcs": "off [fixed]",
"rx_gro_hw": "off [fixed]",
"rx_udp_tunnel_port_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_filter": "off [fixed]",
"rx_vlan_stag_hw_parse": "off [fixed]",
"scatter_gather": "on",
"tcp_segmentation_offload": "on",
"tx_checksum_fcoe_crc": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ip_generic": "on [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv4": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_ipv6": "off [fixed]",
"tx_checksum_sctp": "on [fixed]",
"tx_checksumming": "on",
"tx_fcoe_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gre_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_partial": "off [fixed]",
"tx_gso_robust": "off [fixed]",
"tx_ipip_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_lockless": "on [fixed]",
"tx_nocache_copy": "off [fixed]",
"tx_scatter_gather": "on [fixed]",
"tx_scatter_gather_fraglist": "on [fixed]",
"tx_sctp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_sit_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_tcp6_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_ecn_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_mangleid_segmentation": "on",
"tx_tcp_segmentation": "on",
"tx_udp_tnl_csum_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_udp_tnl_segmentation": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_offload": "off [fixed]",
"tx_vlan_stag_hw_insert": "off [fixed]",
"udp_fragmentation_offload": "on",
"vlan_challenged": "on [fixed]"
},
"hw_timestamp_filters": [],
"ipv4": {
"address": "127.0.0.1",
"broadcast": "host",
"netmask": "255.0.0.0",
"network": "127.0.0.0"
},
"ipv6": [
{
"address": "::1",
"prefix": "128",
"scope": "host"
}
],
"mtu": 65536,
"promisc": false,
"timestamping": [
"rx_software",
"software"
],
"type": "loopback"
},
"ansible_local": {},
"ansible_lsb": {},
"ansible_machine": "x86_64",
"ansible_machine_id": "a6398579871c2d45a1d70a9a863281d3",
"ansible_memfree_mb": 3477,
"ansible_memory_mb": {
"nocache": {
"free": 3615,
"used": 174
},
"real": {
"free": 3477,
"total": 3789,
"used": 312
},
"swap": {
"cached": 0,
"free": 2047,
"total": 2047,
"used": 0
}
},
"ansible_memtotal_mb": 3789,
"ansible_mounts": [
{
"block_available": 9383586,
"block_size": 4096,
"block_total": 10480385,
"block_used": 1096799,
"device": "/dev/sda1",
"fstype": "xfs",
"inode_available": 20907909,
"inode_total": 20971008,
"inode_used": 63099,
"mount": "/",
"options": "rw,seclabel,relatime,attr2,inode64,noquota",
"size_available": 38435168256,
"size_total": 42927656960,
"uuid": "8ac075e3-1124-4bb6-bef7-a6811bf8b870"
}
],
"ansible_nodename": "node1",
"ansible_os_family": "RedHat",
"ansible_pkg_mgr": "yum",
"ansible_proc_cmdline": {
"BOOT_IMAGE": "/boot/vmlinuz-3.10.0-1062.18.1.el7.x86_64",
"LANG": "en_US.UTF-8",
"biosdevname": "0",
"console": [
"tty0",
"ttyS0,115200n8"
],
"crashkernel": "auto",
"elevator": "noop",
"net.ifnames": "0",
"no_timer_check": true,
"ro": true,
"root": "UUID=8ac075e3-1124-4bb6-bef7-a6811bf8b870"
},
"ansible_processor": [
"0",
"GenuineIntel",
"Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-4930K CPU @ 3.40GHz"
],
"ansible_processor_cores": 1,
"ansible_processor_count": 1,
"ansible_processor_threads_per_core": 1,
"ansible_processor_vcpus": 1,
"ansible_product_name": "VirtualBox",
"ansible_product_serial": "NA",
"ansible_product_uuid": "NA",
"ansible_product_version": "1.2",
"ansible_python": {
"executable": "/usr/bin/python",
"has_sslcontext": true,
"type": "CPython",
"version": {
"major": 2,
"micro": 5,
"minor": 7,
"releaselevel": "final",
"serial": 0
},
"version_info": [
2,
7,
5,
"final",
0
]
},
"ansible_python_version": "2.7.5",
"ansible_real_group_id": 1000,
"ansible_real_user_id": 1000,
"ansible_selinux": {
"config_mode": "enforcing",
"mode": "enforcing",
"policyvers": 31,
"status": "enabled",
"type": "targeted"
},
"ansible_selinux_python_present": true,
"ansible_service_mgr": "systemd",
"ansible_ssh_host_key_ecdsa_public": "AAAAE2VjZHNhLXNoYTItbmlzdHAyNTYAAAAIbmlzdHAyNTYAAABBBGE6rOPnLm36McURf9DCfyixsu99TtX9Qzxi+zliKO+qAv5V2d2XCpj7YxwUN97T6SMwbBc7FwHNrJcfJr9nqOg=",
"ansible_ssh_host_key_ed25519_public": "AAAAC3NzaC1lZDI1NTE5AAAAIKSgMmdTobNNa9V+v+NGivckMV1PJ31DksJ2Ap6MfcjE",
"ansible_ssh_host_key_rsa_public": "AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDWX9AKFBfFjQCiQR408nt8VB7RVFwPKwpUgKsMaYKDE9VSeFgsh+oVr+RXjEVxIFgfXeTjGmYA3DmVyIeSpLcyp78tVXqfk0X1czc5AM1kYZJ5LZ/y0Tr0h7z8yVgYYmkpvfSHyHJ7WdbdkxJtHaz+TDDEG8bnv1Z6qmZK2LqRwhNXCX8xO5/uG0oJWFF3o5sMFFzDjGPJkVty760PDHjAS5sTamtrLKHJySJfyNUFAN3BpnS7gCFjB/aTYdXfvt2rH86WaySS95oskyHx6wxd1CK0hYbAY14Sn8qba3QvMpNDZqQ8RQxOwvjp5n7ufRjkcRxb/h0dRGHoVzKr1HV3",
"ansible_swapfree_mb": 2047,
"ansible_swaptotal_mb": 2047,
"ansible_system": "Linux",
"ansible_system_capabilities": [
""
],
"ansible_system_capabilities_enforced": "True",
"ansible_system_vendor": "innotek GmbH",
"ansible_uptime_seconds": 11544,
"ansible_user_dir": "/home/vagrant",
"ansible_user_gecos": "vagrant",
"ansible_user_gid": 1000,
"ansible_user_id": "vagrant",
"ansible_user_shell": "/bin/bash",
"ansible_user_uid": 1000,
"ansible_userspace_architecture": "x86_64",
"ansible_userspace_bits": "64",
"ansible_virtualization_role": "guest",
"ansible_virtualization_type": "virtualbox",
"discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python",
"gather_subset": [
"all"
],
"module_setup": true
},
"changed": false
}
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
ファクト変数の収集タイミング¶
プレイの実行時にファクト変数の収集は次のメッセージが表示されたタイミングで実施します。
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node3]
ok: [node2]
ファクト変数が不要なとき¶
プレイ内でファクト変数を使用しないときは、 5 行目のように gather_facts ディレクティブに no を設定するとファクト変数を収集しません。
1 2 3 4 5 | ---
- name: Apache server installed
hosts: web
become: yes
gather_facts: no
|
ファクト変数の参照方法¶
ファクト変数は次のように参照します。
ansible_facts['変数名']
ファクト変数と参照の例です。
"ansible_distribution": "CentOS",
ansible_facts['distribution']
"ansible_default_ipv4": {
"address": "10.0.2.15",
ansible_facts['default_ipv4']['address']
"ansible_all_ipv4_addresses": [
"10.0.2.15",
"192.168.1.161"
ansible_facts['all_ipv4_addresses'][0]
ansible_facts['all_ipv4_addresses'][1]
プレイ内で参照する場合、他の変数と同様に{{と}}でくくって使用します。
---
- name: show fact variables
hosts: web
tasks:
- name: show ansble_distribution
debug:
msg: "{{ inventory_hostname }} のディストリビューションは {{ ansible_facts['distribution'] }} です。"
- name: show ansible_default_ipv4.address
debug:
msg: "デフォルトの IPv4 アドレスは {{ ansible_facts['default_ipv4']['address'] }} です。"
- name: show all_ipv4_addresses
debug:
msg: "{{ inventory_hostname }} の IP アドレスは {{ ansible_facts['all_ipv4_addresses'][0] }} と {{ ansible_facts['all_ipv4_addresses'][1] }} です。"
実行結果です。
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts.yml showfactvars.yml
PLAY [show fact variables] **********************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node2]
ok: [node3]
TASK [show ansble_distribution] *****************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node3] => {
"msg": "node3 のディストリビューションは CentOS です。"
}
ok: [node2] => {
"msg": "node2 のディストリビューションは CentOS です。"
}
TASK [show ansible_default_ipv4.address] ********************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node3] => {
"msg": "デフォルトの IPv4 アドレスは 10.0.2.15 です。"
}
ok: [node2] => {
"msg": "デフォルトの IPv4 アドレスは 10.0.2.15 です。"
}
TASK [show all_ipv4_addresses] ******************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node3] => {
"msg": "node3 の IP アドレスは 10.0.2.15 と 192.168.1.163 です。"
}
ok: [node2] => {
"msg": "node2 の IP アドレスは 192.168.1.162 と 10.0.2.15 です。"
}
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************************************************************
node2 : ok=4 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
node3 : ok=4 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
参考までに gather_facts ディレクティブに no を設定し、ファクト変数を収集しなかった場合です。
---
- name: show fact variables
hosts: web
gather_facts: no
tasks:
- name: show ansble_distribution
debug:
msg: "{{ inventory_hostname }} のディストリビューションは {{ ansible_facts['distribution'] }} です。"
- name: show ansible_default_ipv4.address
debug:
msg: "デフォルトの IPv4 アドレスは {{ ansible_facts['default_ipv4']['address'] }} です。"
- name: show all_ipv4_addresses
debug:
msg: "{{ inventory_hostname }} の IP アドレスは {{ ansible_facts['all_ipv4_addresses'][0] }} と {{ ansible_facts['all_ipv4_addresses'][1] }} です。"
この場合、ファクト変数自体が定義されないため、ファクト変数を参照しているタスクでエラーが発生します。
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts.yml showfactvars.yml
PLAY [show fact variables] **********************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [show ansble_distribution] *****************************************************************************************************************************
fatal: [node3]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'dict object' has no attribute 'distribution'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/home/vagrant/ansible-files/showfactvars.yml': line 7, column 5, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n tasks:\n - name: show ansble_distribution\n ^ here\n"}
fatal: [node2]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'dict object' has no attribute 'distribution'\n\nThe error appears to be in '/home/vagrant/ansible-files/showfactvars.yml': line 7, column 5, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n tasks:\n - name: show ansble_distribution\n ^ here\n"}
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************************************************************
node2 : ok=0 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
node3 : ok=0 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
変数の演習¶
- 管理対象ホスト node1 のホスト名と OS のバージョンを持つファクト変数を見つけてください。
ヒント
- ホスト名 → hostname
- OS のバージョン → distribution_version
アドホックコマンドで node1 のホスト名とバージョンを確認してください。
ヒント
- ホスト名 →hostnameコマンド
- OS のバージョン →
/etc/redhat-releaseファイルの内容を確認
ファクト変数を使用して管理対象ホスト node1 のホスト名と OS のバージョンを表示するプレイを作成してください。
ヒント
プレイ内でファクト変数の使用する方法は「ファクト変数の参照方法」を参照してください。
作成したプレイを実行し、実際に管理対象ホスト node1 のホスト名と OS のバージョンを確認してください。
解答¶
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible node1 -i hosts.yml -m setup | grep -i hostname
"ansible_hostname": "node1",
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible node1 -i hosts.yml -m setup | grep -i distribution_version
"ansible_distribution_version": "7.8",
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible node1 -i hosts.yml -m command -a hostname
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
node1
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible node1 -i hosts.yml -m command -a 'cat /etc/redhat-release'
node1 | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
CentOS Linux release 7.8.2003 (Core)
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ vim show-info.yml
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ cat show-info.yml
- name: show node1 information
hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: show information
debug:
msg: "管理対象ホスト {{ ansible_facts['hostname'] }} の OS のバージョンは {{ ansible_facts['distribution_version'] }} です。"
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$ ansible-playbook -i hosts.yml show-info.yml
PLAY [show node1 information] *******************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] **************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [show information] *************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1] => {
"msg": "管理対象ホスト node1 の OS のバージョンは 7.8 です。"
}
PLAY RECAP **************************************************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[vagrant@ansible ansible-files]$